Why there was little industrialization in Africa?



Industrialization in Africa; during colonial era, there was little development of industries in African continent. The industries established in Africa to the large extent were extractive and processing industries. The main objectives of those industries were to reduce the bulkiness so as to make the exportation of raw materials easy. Example of those colonial industries where: Copper refineries in Zambia and Zaire, The decortications industry in Tanganyika, The tobacco processing industry in Malawi, Spinning mills and cotton ginneries in Nigeria, Mozambique and Uganda, Groundnuts processing industry in Senegal. But after the Second World War import substitution industries were set up to replace goods which imported from the metropolis, example soap, cigarattes, shoe polish, biscuits, bread etc.
The following are why there was little industrialization in Africa; 
        African specialized in the production of raw materials, Europeans forced Africans to produce raw materials for European manufacturing industries, where by Africans did not allowed to engage in industrial activities. Example Africans produced cotton, tobacco and sisal which did not used in Africans while exported to Europe.
Most of the Africans who were potential for industrialization were taken as laborer, African technicians who could engage in industrializations were used by colonialist as a labour by force. Therefore local industries were destroyed strategically. Example some of industrial technicians were taken as migrant labours during colonial era.
It was due to the colonial government policy, colonial government comes with de-industrialization policy in Africa where by Europeans had not interested in industrialization on African continent, this was done in order to make African producers of raw materials and to act as the market of European finished goods.
Europeans avoided the use of sophisticated technology in Africa, Europeans did not allow the uses of advanced technology in African continent, and this was aimed to avoid competition of industries between Europe and Africa. This also used to make African producers of raw materials and buyer of European finished goods.
Due to much importation of European goods, this also destructed African industries to the large extent, due to the fact that all products which could be produced in Africa where imported to Africa by Europeans. Example clothes which could be produced in Africa were imported from Europe, this make African industries useless.
Therefore before the coming of Europeans Africans developed in industries, example there was bark clothing industries in Buganda, basketry industries, pot making industries in West Africa and many other industries, But due to slave trade and establishment of colonialism. All those industries declined.

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